Introduction to HTML, XML, CSS and Programming Languages

Introduction to HTML

Web pages are developed using HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language. The purpose of this HTML tutorial is to give you a basic understanding of HTML, its features, and the basic tags and elements it uses.

• Links between web pages are called HyperText.
• The markup language defines the structure of the text between tags.

A website is created using HTML markup. The elements of the web page define how content appears and how it appears on the screen. Hence, it is responsible for forming or defining the structure of our Website.

Features

• There is a very easy learning curve (easy to modify)
• Presenting effectively
• A reference section where we can add links
• Easily displays documents on multiple platforms, including Mac, Windows, Linux, etc.
• By adding graphics, videos, and audios, the page becomes more appealing
• Language that is case insensitive

Applications

Different purposes are served by HTML. Let's examine a few

Web pages development

HTML is the most famous language used to create web pages on the Internet. Web pages have HTML tags and hyperlinks that enable them to be connected to other pages. HTML is the language used to write webpages on the internet.

Navigating the internet

We would have had a difficult time navigating the internet without HTML. Links in HTML help us navigate effectively and link pages to one another. It would be impossible to navigate the Internet without anchor tags, you would have to enter URLs every time. Anchor tags provide navigation within a webpage as well.

Embedding videos and images

It is easy to embed images and videos in HTML and we can adjust everything from height and position to rendering type and alignment. The controls, thumbnails, timestamps, among other things, can be adjusted for videos. Prior to HTML, this was done with Flash; HTML has now made it easier using the <video> tag.

Clinet-side storage

Using the localStorage and IndexD features of HTML5, we no longer need to rely on cookies for client-side storage. However, these two tactics have differing characteristics and operate by different rules. With localStorage, you can store hash-tables based on strings. There are three API functions available to developers: setItem, getItem, and removeItem. Compared to IndexDB, however, it's a more capable and larger client-side data store. It is possible to expand the IndexDB database with the user's permission.

Introduction to XML

For storing and transferring data, XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. An XML document is a form of markup language that stores and transports data. Software and platform(programming language) have no effect on XML. You can write a program for sending, receiving, or storing data in XML using any language and any platform (Operating System).

Properties

• Markup languages such as XML are more concerned with data than how it appears.
• XML is designed for sending, storing, receiving, and displaying data. A simple explanation of XML is that it is used to store and transport data.
• As of February 10, 1998, XML became a W3C recommendation (World Wide Web Consortium, the main organization for standardizing the World Wide Web).
• HTML and XML are two different things. A main difference between XML and HTML is their focus on data.
• There is no dependence on software or hardware for XML, it is independent of platforms and programming languages.
• The majority of tags in HTML are predefined, but you have to define them yourself in XML.

Introduction to CSS

In case you haven't heard of CSS, it's a simple language designed to simplify making web pages look good. Using CSS, web pages can be styled. Additionally, CSS allows you to do this without relying on the HTML code of each web page. The CSS language is a simple, but powerful tool for controlling HTML documents' appearance.

Why CSS?

• Easy maintenance - By changing the style on one page, all elements on all of the pages will be changed.
• Saves time - The same CSS sheet can be reused on multiple HTML pages.
• Superior styles - With CSS's much wider range of attributes than HTML's, your HTML page will look far better than it would without CSS.
• Search engines - With CSS, your content won't have to struggle to be read by search engines because it is cleanly coded.
• Offline browsing - Caching can be done with CSS by using an offline cache. It is possible to view offline websites with this.

Introduction to Programming Languages

By using a programming language one can translate algorithms into programs that are executed by a computer, which are a set of symbols, grammar rules and rules. By using a programming language, the programmer can communicate with the computer. Almost every program is structured in some way. Programming languages fall into categories:

• High level languages
• Machine learning
• Assembly languages

A programming language has the following characteristics:

• Simple, easy to learn and use, with good readability, and human readable are the attributes of an ideal programming language.
• In order to be able to define a complex structure and then to be able to use it, abstractions are a must-have quality of a programming language.
• Programming languages that are portable are preferred.
• In order for a programming language to efficiently be translated into a machine language and efficiently executed in memory, it must be highly efficient.
• For a programming language to be useful for application development, it should be well structured and documented.
• To develop, debug, test, and maintain a program, programming languages must provide the necessary tools.
• Integrated Development Environments (IDE) should be built into a programming language.
• Syntax and semantics must be consistent in a programming language.

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