Testing Procedure (Method of analysis) for Acetates, Acetyl Groups and Alkaloids

Acetates

A. Heat the substance under examination with an equal quantity of oxalic acid; acidic vapors with the characteristic odor of acetic acid are liberated.
B. Warm 1 g of the substance under examination with 1 ml of sulphuric acid and 3 ml of ethanol (95 percent); ethyl acetate, recognizable by its odor, is evolved.
C. Dissolve about 30 mg of the substance under examination in 3 m1 of water or use 3 ml of the prescribed solution, add successively 0.25 m1 of lanthanum nitrate solution, 0.1 ml of 0.1 M iodine and 0.05 m1 of dilute ammonia solution. Heat carefully to boiling, within a few minutes a blue precipitate or a dark blue color is produced.

Acetyl Groups

In a test-tube (about 180 mm x 18 mm) place 10 to 20 mg or the prescribed quantity of the substance under examination and add 0.15 ml of phosphoric acid. Close the tube with a stopper through which passes a small test-tube (about 100 mm x 10 mm) containing water to act as a condenser. On the outside of the smaller tube, hang a drop of lanthanum nitrate solution.

Except for substances hydrolyzable only with difficulty, place the apparatus in a water-bath for 5 minutes and remove the smaller tube. Mix the drop with 0.05 ml of 0.01 M iodine on a porcelain tile or glass slide and then add one drop of 2M ammonia at the edge of the mixed drop; after 1 or 2 minutes a blue colour is produced at the junction of the two drops and the colour intensifies and persists for a short time.

For substances hydrolyzable only with difficulty, heat the mixture slowly to boiling point over an open flame instead of using a water bath.

Alkaloids

Dissolve a few mg or the prescribed quantity of the substance under examination in 5 ml of water, add dilute hydrochloric acid until the solution has an acid reaction and then add 1 m1 of potassium iodobismuthate solution; an orange or orange-red precipitate is formed immediately.